Implementing weighted-average estimation of substance concentration using multiple dilutions
Ying Xu
Center for Quantitative Medicine
Duke–NUS Graduate Medical School
Singapore, Singapore
tinayxu@gmail.com
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Paul Milligan
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
London, UK
paul.milligan@lshtm.ac.uk
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Edmond J. Remarque
Department of Parasitology
Biomedical Primate Research Centre
Rijswijk, The Netherlands
remarque@gmail.com
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Yin Bun Cheung
Center for Quantitative Medicine
Duke–NUS Graduate Medical School
Singapore, Singapore
and Department for International Health
University of Tampere
Tampere, Finland
yinbun.cheung@duke-nus.edu.sg
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Abstract. In medicine and chemistry, immunoassays are often used to measure substance
concentration. These tests use an S-shaped standard curve to map the observed
optical responses to the underlying concentration. The enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay is one such test that is commonly used to measure antibody
concentration in vaccine and infectious disease research. The enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay and other immunoassays usually involve a series of doubling
or tripling dilutions of the test samples so that some of the diluted samples
fall within the near-linear range in the center of the standard curve. The
dilution that falls within or is nearest to the center of the near-linear range
may then be selected for statistical analysis. This common practice of using
one dilution does not fully use the information from multiple dilutions and
reduces accuracy. We describe a recently proposed weighted-average estimation
approach for analyzing multiple-dilution data (Cheung et al. 2015, Journal
of Immunological Methods 417: 115–123), and we present the new
wavemid command, which carries out the approach. We also present the new
command midreshape, which processes raw data in text format exported
from some microplate readers into analyzable data format. We use data from an
experimental study of malaria vaccine candidates to demonstrate use of the two
commands.
View all articles by these authors:
Ying Xu, Paul Milligan, Edmond J. Remarque, Yin Bun Cheung
View all articles with these keywords:
wavemid, midreshape, immunoassay, multiple dilutions, weight-ed-average estimation
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