{smcl}
{* 13 May 2003/17 November 2009}{...}
{cmd:help modes}{right:({browse "http://www.stata-journal.com/article.html?article=up0026":SJ9-4: sg113_2})}
{hline}

{title:Title}

{p 4 4 2}{hi:modes} {hline 2} Tabulation of mode(s)


{title:Syntax}

{p 8 17 2}
{cmd:modes} 
{varname} 
{ifin}
{weight}
[{cmd:,}
{c -(} 
{cmdab:m:in(}{it:#}{cmd:)}
{c |} 
{cmdab:n:modes(}{it:#}{cmd:)} 
{c )-}{break}
{opth gen:erate(newvar)}]  

{pstd}
{cmd:fweight}s and {cmd:aweight}s are allowed; see {help weight}. 


{title:Description}

{p 4 4 2}
{cmd:modes} tabulates the mode(s) of {it:varname}, that is, the value(s) of 
{it:varname} that occur most frequently. {it:varname} may be numeric or string.
Missing values are ignored. 

{p 4 4 2} 
{cmd:modes} is most obviously useful with a discrete or categorical variable.
Continuous variables may need to be placed in bins or classes first.


{title:Options}

{p 4 8 2}{cmd:min(}{it:#}{cmd:)} specifies that all values with a frequency of 
{it:#} or more should  be shown.

{p 4 8 2}{cmd:nmodes(}{it:#}{cmd:)} specifies that {it:#} modes should
be shown. However, if ties in frequency make identification of precisely
{it:#} modes arbitrary, all such tied modes will be shown. Note that
fewer modes will be shown if fewer than {it:#} modes exist. 

{p 8 8 2}{cmd:min()} and {cmd:nmodes()} may not be specified together. 

{p 4 8 2}{cmd:generate(}{it:newvar}{cmd:)} generates an indicator variable 
that is missing if {it:varname} is missing or observations are excluded by
{cmd:if} or {cmd:in}, is 1 whenever the value of {it:varname} is one of the
displayed modes, and is 0 otherwise. 


{title:Examples}

{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. modes rep78}{p_end}
{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. modes rep78 if foreign}{p_end}
{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. modes mpg, min(3)}{p_end}
{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. modes mpg, nmodes(3)}{p_end}
{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. modes turn, nmodes(10) generate(flag)} 


{title:Author} 

{p 4 4 2}Nicholas J. Cox, Durham University, UK{break} 
n.j.cox@durham.ac.uk


{title:Acknowledgments} 

{p 4 4 2}A problem posed by Sylvain Friederich led to the 
{cmd:nmodes()} option.  A problem posed by Elan Cohen led to the 
{cmd:generate()} option. 


{title:Also see}

{psee}
Article: {it:Stata Journal}, volume 9, number 4: {browse "http://www.stata-journal.com/article.html?article=up0026":sg113_2},{break}
         {it:Stata Journal}, volume 3, number 2: {browse "http://www.stata-journal.com/article.html?article=up0003":sg113_1},{break}
         {it:Stata Technical Bulletin} 50: {browse "http://www.stata.com/products/stb/journals/stb50.html":sg113}

{psee}Online:  {manhelp tabulate R}, {manhelp kdensity R}, {manhelp egen D} 
{p_end}